Assam, with a geographical area of 7.8 mn ha, shares its border with all North-Eastern states in India and internationally with Bangladesh and Bhutan. Six airports, two inland waterways and one inland container depot connect Assam with major cities of the country and with nearby international cities. There is also a proposal to connect Assam with the neighbouring country Bhutan by road.

Assam has more than 600 ha of land dedicated to industrial use. To capitalize on its pool of natural resources (tea, oil and natural gas to name a few), the state also has a dedicated tea park, food processing park, agri-export zones, and four oil refineries. The Assam-Araku Basin in Northeast India is an important oil-producing region and containes more than 15% of the country's reserves. The state has India’s longest road bridge, the Bhupen Hazarika Bridge and India's longest railroad bridge, Bogibeel Bridge, houses 300 medical plants and herbs and is also the third largest producer of petroleum and natural gas with a capacity of 150,000 barrels per day.