Bihar enjoys a unique location-specific advantage because of its proximity to the vast markets of Eastern and Northern India and Nepal. The state is well connected to the rest of India and international markets through over 200,000 km of road network, 6,700 km of rail network and an international airport. The Golden Quadrilateral Highway passes through the districts of Kaimur, Sasaram, Aurangabad, Gaya, and Patna, connecting the state to major metro cities in the country. Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor also passes through the state, providing access to ports in East India such as Kolkata and Haldia; to raw material sources, and mineral reserves in the neighbouring states.

Bihar currently has 52 industrial areas and mega industrial parks. The state has identified Agriculture, IT, electronics, textiles and leather as it high priority sectors. Other manufacturing sectors, power – thermal and renewable, hospitality, communications and aquaculture are some of the fast-growing sectors in the state. India's first electric locomotive manufacturing facility, opened as a JV between Alstom and the Indian Railways, launched its first electric locomotive engine in March 2018.